Personal Constructs Theory - Psychology Dissertations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5017 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Title/Abstract In this study we aim to provide an analysis of a subjects problems using the Personal Constructs Theory (PCT) suggested by Kelly. The subject is a 35 year old female full time employee working in the same company as the researcher and has shown no barriers to construing. The subjects problems with her relationships have been determined using the Repertory grid interview and we discuss results and provide an analysis of the findings following the interview and data collection. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personal Constructs Theory Psychology Dissertations" essay for you Create order The interview was done to identify elements within the clients relationships and all interview limitations have been considered for the study. We provide an analysis of Personal Constructs Theory in general giving a brief overview of its main premises and principles and then move on to its applications including the Grid interview technique on our client. We discuss the results and analyse the findings accordingly. Introduction George Kellys Personal Construct Theory (PCT) emphasises that the world is perceived by a person according to the meaning the person applies to it and the person has the freedom to choose a meaning according to what he or she wants (Kelly, 1955). Thus a person has the freedom to choose a meaning in terms of which he perceives the world and can apply alternative constructions or meanings to his past, present and future events. Thus a person is not a victim of his events but can liberate himself from unpleasant events by reinterpreting and redefining them. According to Kelly (1955) PCT attempts to explain why a man does what he does and is a theory about how the human process flows, how it strives in new directions as well as in old, and how it may dare for the first time to reach into the depths of newly perceived dimensions Kelly states that a persons processes are psychologically channelized by the ways in which he anticipate the events'(1955). Here, the subject is the process and the individual is a behaving organism who may need an external force to initiate an event. The processes include those of self-definition and relationships with others, and how we interpret events around us as well as the events we perceive and tasks at hand (Kelly 1955). Kelly based his theory of PCT on man as the scientist model and the basic points were as follows: the individual creates his or her own ways of seeing the world and interprets events according to how he perceive them the individual builds percepts and constructs; these constructs are organized into systems, or group of constructs which embody relationships; two or more systems may contain the same events, yet the events are separate from any of the systems; any individuals systems have a definite foci The term construct is a concept that represents the view a person has constructed about the world as he experiences it. Constructs also represent the way a person is likely to construe the world and the construct system as a whole represents the history and predisposition to perceive the world in a particular way. Kelly also distinguished between social reality, individual reality and communality. Individuality denotes that every individual differ from each other in how they construct or perceive the world, communality refers to the underlying similarities or common elements in perception and how the construction of experience in one person is similar to that of another (Kelly, 1955). Social reality is perception of how one person construes the construction processes of another person and how they are involved in a social role. Personal construct theory has been used in several sociological and scientific disciplines and it has been emphasised that social reality and communality should be considered along with the individual or personal reality and both have to be considered together in developing an understanding of the psychological processes (Dalton, 1992). The theory of Personal Constructs, points out that it is our personal psychological constructs that make the world predictable. We use construct systems to help in perception of the world and respond to all situations according to these perceptions. Our construct systems help us to make sense of the world, to make it predictable, to draw conclusions about causes and effects and we learn from experiences and adjust our behaviour accordingly (Fransella, 1995). Kelly wrote that the construct systems influence our expectations and perceptions and reflect our past experiences according to which we shape our future expectations. For example since we known from our past experiences that winters are cold, we would take adequate measures of protection during winter because we expect winters to be cold. However according to Kelly, our construct systems grow and change and are not static and are either confirmed or challenged when we are conscious. We adapt and immunise our constructs according to the situation and alter our feelings according to our experiences. We also tend to think and react according to our construct systems and some constructs represent values and key relationships which are difficult to change and fixed whereas some other constructs are less complex and more flexible and adaptive. The truth about the world as understood and experienced determines the nature of the construct system. Construct systems are not generally judged according to any objective truth and depend on an individuals personal feelings, perceptions and choices (Dalton, 1992). One individuals construct system may be different from anothers and when there is a general disagreement in constructs, it is generally denoted by prejudice or preconception. Although conflicts and differences of opinions are unpleasant, these events help us to understand differences in people and help us to learn how other people perceive things (Stevens, 1996). However construct systems change and may not be altogether internally consistent. People may react or perceive things differently even in similar circumstances and this is normal as there is a certain degree of internal inconsistency in perception of events. Distortions of judgement due to internal inconsistency of personal constructs can be harmful for a person as he may suffer from personal distress. The extent to which one person can appreciate and react to another persons constructs is a measure of empathy or how one perceives another (Banister, 1985). One persons construct system may be markedly different from another p ersons constructs yet one should be able to infer the other persons construct in order to empathise and develop a sense of social oneness and responsibility. Kellys theory is one of the most effective theories in social research and helps to provide a psychological explanation of social similarities and differences. The applications of Kellys theory of Personal constructs are wide and varied as it helps to provide mathematical representations of constructs systems. Construct systems are multidimensional mathematical models and a persons language is used to classify his or her experiences. Kelly developed a number of mathematical models and representations of construct systems and tested hypotheses that followed from basic personal construct theory (Fransella and Bannister, 1977). To understand peoples personal construct systems the repertory Grid Interview technique was developed, also known as the Role Construct Repertory Test. The repertoire of constructs that a person develops represents some form of perception, judgement or evaluation and is always comparative. Thus judgement of anything good is in comparison with the concept of bad. Thus in using a Grid interview three elements are considered and then two are paired in contrast with a third. The theory of personal constructs can be applied to personal experiences and relationships and so parents, relations, friends, colleagues and the individual are largely responsible for the formation of constructs (Smith et al, 1995; Kalekin-Fishman et al, 1996). Kelly elicited a patients constructs, rated the different elements on the constructs and used the resultant grid to point out to the client what his primary problems or concerns were. This helped to decide which therapy would be important and helped to determine the progress and effectiveness of therapy. For example one could find the two elements in a personal relationship of a patient and his mother and use this technique to find out differences between a patients perception of himself and what his mother would like him to be. The patient would then be encouraged to provide a self description and work through means of making his relationship with his mother more pleasant and productive. If there are paranoid elements recognised in a patients perception of himself or his relationships, appropriate therapeutic interventions are suggested. The Repertory Grid interviewing technique was developed by Kelly to overcome some of the methodological limitations of the interview method. The main steps of the Grid technique include 1. Selecting a set of elements this could be anything from relationships to issues and the elements could be people involved in these relationships with the client. 2. The elements are taken in groups of three and the client is asked to pair two of them separating the third according to a special characteristic (Adams-Webber, 1983). Thus here the differentiation is done according to constructs determined by the client and is done on a bipolar scale with the interviewer setting up the question but the client determining the content (Anderson, 1987). The constructs are examined in some detail and after the interview the constructs are made into scales of 1-5 and the interviewee is expected to rate every element for every construct on this scale. The result is a matrix and this is then analysed statistically to show the client his problems and how they can be tackled. The statistical analysis helps to give measurements of individual people characteristics and compares peoples perceptions before and after the interview. The Grid is thus a statistical, and content free process and although the interviewer initiates its functions, it is the patient who drives it allowing him to come out with his own perceptions thus giving the process a freedom from any interviewer bias and allows complete transparency(Anderson, 1987). Since it is also a standardised interviewing technique any interviewer can read the interview and understand its implications. Russell and Cox (2003) and Morrison (1991) have stressed on the importance of repertory grid in the analysis of individual perceptions. Considering Kellys constructivist alternativism, we can assume that all our present perceptions of the world could be subject to changes and revisions and accordingly our perceptions of people and subsequently our interpersonal relationships could also be changed according to this principle. Method A 35 year old female colleague, Marie Oliver was selected for the interview process. The client was having some relationship problems, especially with her work colleagues and has been showing maladjustment along with problems of anxiety, depression and lack of productivity at work. The participant was apprised of the purpose of the interviewing and was asked to participate suggesting that participation in the interview would help her in overcoming her personal problems. A Repertory Grid Interview was done and the first step was identifying elements or grid components. For this all the possible elements including people in relationships were identified. Thus elements are work colleagues known to the participant and to the researcher, and the participant used triad method with the elements to create constructs around any one chosen topic. Elements were then compared by asking participant to take 3 elements and ascertain where 2 are similar and 1 is different, and the participant was en couraged to continue until all possible combinations were exhausted of 3 elements from the set of 10. The instruction given in this case was , choose any three of these known people and group two of them together separating a possible third to show why two of them are similar and how they differ from the third person. This process was used to identify similarities and differences of individuals until the participant ran out of constructs. Several mini-grids were developed in advance to ensure that the participant was comfortable with the process of grid construction. Then the Participant followed the process, generated the first grid, to ascertain whether each element is more like the similarity pole or difference pole by marking with x or o respectively. The participant then generated a second grid to rate each element on each of the 10 constructs using 1-5 point scale, but presented the grid to experimenter without ratings, experimenter then created the final grid as the participant. The main aim and purpose of the interview was agreed with the participant and views about other work colleagues were thus taken. The participant was fully informed from outset regarding the possibility that the revelations from the Grid Interview could be unsettling for her. However for these purposes, participants consent form was also signed in advance and the constructs were then set up on the grid allowing to be revealed. In the process of the interview, the researcher made notes on participant behaviour and perceptions as verbally revealed. In this case, the participant Marie was asked to identify the elements in her workplace that could be considered in her relationships with colleagues. Marie identified 10 colleagues at her workplace and separated two of them as distinct from a third. The common points and the differences were noted. Each of the 10 constructs chosen were rated on a 1-5 scale and the grids were created with similarity and difference poles marked by x or an o. This was done in case of determining constructs and relationships with work colleagues. After the formation of a grid, an analysis was drawn up. Findings/Analysis The two assumptions of the Grid Interview by Kelly were as follows: 1. If we can identify an individuals construct map there is a strong possibility we can predict that individuals behaviour. 2. We may be able to modify an individuals map, and therefore behaviour, by some form of training. The two aspects of the Repertory Grid are 1. Elements which are the objects of an individuals thinking and to which they relate their concepts or values. These elements may be people with qualities like effective, unprofessional, etc or they may be objects or abstract, concrete concepts like the interview or a test 2. Constructs are the qualities used to describe the elements in our personal, individual relationships thus a person is effective because he has a pleasant relationship with his staff which reflects personal construct as applied to the element of an effective individual The main elements in an analysis when a grid is applied to an individual are: 1. The results relate to that individual alone 2. Only one grid has to be analysed for an individuals report. 3. A grid scoring form is used to perform the analysis The Findings and Analysis help us to probe the following questions: To what extent was the study helpful in understanding the participants view of the topic of examination? Identification and justification of apparent areas of understanding and lack of understanding Is a pattern of understanding evident? How does the analysis link with the notes made prior to completing grids on expected areas of degree of understanding? What is the meaning revealed by the participants choice of elements and constructs? Do the elements and constructs reveal a similar or different view of the topic of analysis chosen? What does the degree of the match imply? Was the study any more helpful when conversation elaboration was also used as an extended method? Is some analysis of new understandings reached during feedback conversation helpful for the process? What do the notes and quotes as revealed by the client suggest? The findings are given as follows: Degree of similarity Elements (Mostly worked together with these individuals) Close agreement on 4, 5, 6 elements Less agreement on 9 element (Mostly worked separately with these individuals) Little agreement on 1,2,3,7,8,10- elements with different negative personal experiences working with E7 and E8 on particular projects. Degree of similarity Constructs Close agreement on 6 constructs (professional conduct). Upon discussion, views were similar regarding the meaning of professional conduct and who could be trusted. Less agreement on 1,3,4,5,7,9 constructs. Upon discussion, researcher and client shared similar/same definitions of each construct. Differences in definitions regarding Constructs Little agreement on 2,8,10 constructs. Upon discussion, our definitions were different, hence our measurement of each element came from a different understanding of constructs. The elements identified by Marie were individuals at the workplace and Marie revealed that she worked closely with elements 4, 5 and 6 although had less agreement with element or colleague 9. Marie revealed that she has worked separately and had negative personal experiences with colleagues identified as elements 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 10 although she said she was working on the same project with two of these negatively perceived colleagues 7 and 8. Mari suggested a close agreement with 6 on professional conduct and said that her views with 6 were similar regarding professional conduct, friendships and trust issues as to who in the office should or should not be trusted. Marie suggested that her constructs were either in contrast to or were not compatible with those of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 elements or colleagues identified. Marie and the researcher had some discussions on the nature and definition of particular perceptions and constructs and the general definition of these identified by th e researcher were similar to that of the subject. The subjects perceptions, feedback and opinions on the constructs were noted separately. Marie identified that two of the colleagues were friendly and amicable and compared with the other person who in contrast has been described as unfriendly and not easy to get along with. The Repertory Grid Scoring sheet is drawn as follows: Pairs similarities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 empathy Work culture attitude friendliness knowledgeable Team orientedness Good style appearance leadership helpfulness The process of producing the Repertory Grid can be broken down into the following steps: Step One The participant Marie identifies ten colleagues whom she knows well. Among these ten colleagues Marie should go along well with at least two of them ideally. Step Two Marie is given six pieces of card or paper on which she is asked to write the names of the people she has identified. These are the elements described. A number can also be added to the card/paper to signify description and added at the head of column on the scoring sheet. Alternatively, the name itself of the element identified can be entered on the scoring sheet as well. Step Three Three cards are selected, for example 1, 2 and 3, and Marie is asked to identify some aspect related to these colleagues behaviour which makes two of the three people selected different from the third. The construct word or phrase is written in the top left side of the vertical columns. In the top right side of the vertical columns is written the description of the person one who is different from the other two. This process of obtaining constructs from the three people is continued until no further constructs or perceived characteristics could be elicited from the participant. Step Four Once the constructs have been completely elicited and entered on the scoresheet, the cards are returned. Each element person is then given a score on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1 or 2 is allocated to those who are suited to the description in the left-hand column, the column with the description of the pair. Scores of 5 or 4 are allocated to those who match with the description in the right-hand column, the description of the odd person out Step Five A different set of three cards is then selected, cards 4, 5 and 6 and the process in steps 3 and 4 is repeated, ensuring that the description of pairs is recorded in the left-hand column and a score of 1 or 2 relates to the pairs similarity and score points of 4 and 5 relate to the description of the single person. A score of 3 is average score. A score of at least one 1 and one 5 is helpful when allocated usually from the set of three people for whom the constructs are being elicited. Step Six Step five is repeated and the various combinations of the elements are aimed to be covered until the participants run out of perceived characteristics or constructs that could be entered on the card. After the grid consideration, the grid scoring sheet is used to record the views of the participant for each element against each construct which has been offered. The data collected is then subject to analysis. A manual analysis can generate and extract considerable information from the grid and all the constructs are related to the personal characteristics of each work colleague considered in the study by Marie. Step Seven In this case study we consider the behavioural aspects of work colleagues of Marie which is related to their overall friendliness, therefore at the end of the grid Marie is asked to rate the elements in a single, given construct over a scale of friendly to unfriendly. The scoring for friendliness is then compared with other individual aspects to highlight differences and to provide indicators for friendliness. Step Eight The scores for each construct are obtained by marking the difference for each element against the general friendliness figure. Step Nine In this phase, we analyse the various constructs on the basis that if the score is low the aspect measured is significant in the ranking for friendliness It is the duty of interviewer to remain without any bias and to refrain from giving any suggestion to the participant on what constructs should be drawn. Forming the constructs is entirely dependent on the participant and the researcher has no role in its formation. They must be according to the thoughts and perceptions of the individual who is being interviewed in this case, Marie although the constructs must be clear, meaningful. Here the analyst has helped her in one or two cases when she couldnt describe the construct and sought help of the analyst to come out with the right word. After the constructs are listed against the elements, the grid results are scored and are ready to be used for analysis. From the example used in this study -the aspects which go towards the behavioural skills of colleague at work, are identified as follows: Has empathy with other colleagues Has a proper work culture and attitude Has an ethical sense Is friendly and amicable Is knowledgeable and professional Always has a good style and appearance Is a team oriented person Is a leader in the group Comes out with fresh new ideas Is helpful and cooperative Discussion In this study we selected Marie Oliver, a 35 year old colleague who was suffering from some initial maladjustment in the workplace. Marie was asked to participate in the Repertory Grid Interview process to identify the reasons of her problems, categorise them and come out with possible suggestions. The approach taken was qualitative analysis by using the Personal Constructs theory developed by Kelly and a final analysis using scoring sheet and identifying elements through the Repertory Grid Interview technique. Marie was asked to select characteristics and constructs of persons in her workplace. She identified the most desirable and friendly characteristics in her colleagues against the least desirable ones. The notes taken during conversation with Marie reveal that Marie felt she got along only with a few colleagues only three as mentioned. There were basic differences in professional ethic and conduct with at least two colleagues she was working in collaboration with. The behavioural skills Marie identified as important in defining her good relationship with the colleagues are empathic characteristics in others; any concept of an ideal colleague is also associated with being able to follow a proper work culture and having a proper attitude. Having an ethical sense, a sense of justice and being knowledgeable, professional with a good sense of humour are also identified as important characteristics in a proper friendly colleague. Marie indicated that being friendly, amicable and with good style and appearance has been noted in at least two of her colleagues and this is stark contrast to a third colleague she identified and with whom she doesnt seem to get along. If we consider Kellys perspective of constructive alternativism, it is possible to have alternative perceptions as our perceptions of the world depend completely on our personal constructs. Marie also identified leadership skills, helpfulness and cooperativeness, being able to come out with fresh ideas and following a proper work culture as important aspects of professional behaviour and gave high scores on these aspects to at least two of her colleagues. Overall, a Repertory Grid Interview on Marie showed that she has good and easygoing relations with two of her colleagues but doesnt seem to go well with many of them. The negative implications of the findings which suggest why Marie did not get along with most of her colleagues and seem to show anxiety and depression symptoms as well as dissatisfaction with her workplace were revealed in her perception of constructs on most of her colleagues. Marie suggested that some of her colleagues were low on cooperativeness and helpfulness, friendliness and proper professional attitude making the atmosphere competitive and hostile. The dynamics of Maries actual relations with her colleagues were thus revealed using this Grid interviewing procedure and Maries own perception of her work situation, perception of her situation and role in the office, and perception of her relations with her colleagues and her job were also revealed through this study. As Morrison (1991) used the repertory grid technique to understand nurses perception of care and their evaluation of caring attitudes in nursing, Maries perception of her work culture could easily reveal her ideal understanding of a workplace and what she sought in her colleagues. Her inner constructs, precepts and how she saw the world as an individual were revealed and so were her expectations in the future. Considering Maries perceptions, some psychological counselling to improve her working and professional relationships was recommended. Limitations: The methodological limitations and concerns of interview as a means of knowing peoples construct system were many, as noted by Kelly. These are: 1. Interview Bias sometimes the interviewer and the school he belongs to whether behaviourist or psychoanalytic could determine the way the session goes and this undermines the objectivity and validity of the study 2. Dependence on the interviewer the role of the therapist should be minimal and the therapist should just be a tool to facilitate self perception according to Kelly. Most individuals have the capacity to understand his or her problems and any overdependence on the researcher should be avoided. 3. There may be problems with measuring and predicting individual or group characteristics. Although psychology seeks to understand laws of human behaviour, large scale studies showing correlations of different behaviour may not be helpful for study of personal constructs which is based on the understanding of individuals or a small group of people. These methodological limitations have been kept in mind while conducting the interview and interviewer bias and any dependence on the interviewer has been kept to a minimum. Interviewer intervention has also been minimal. Conclusion: In this discussion, we set out with an overview of the Personal Constructs Theory proposed by Kelly (1955). We discussed the different tenets of the constructs theory, the inconsistency of personal constructs and how constructs tend to vary in different people or in same people in different situations. Thus situational factors seem important in constructs and perceptions on other people. Individual constructs form the construct systems and Kelly established the grid method to determine the different elements in a social situation that can be considered as responsible for an individuals disturbed social relationships. In our study of Marie Oliver, a 35 year old employee, her social relationships and possible disturbances were studied using the Repertory Grid Interview technique and her analysis of good and bad characteristics of ten of her colleagues were indicated on the card given to her. The scores were drawn up and according to the analysis the desirable characteristics that Marie perceived in some of her workmates and not in others, were found out. Maries behavioural problems and her unique relationships with her colleagues are then analysed suggesting whether Marie needed any further psychological help for her anxiety, depression and other work related maladjustments. Bibliography Kelly, George Alexander The psychology of personal constructs / George A. Kelly. London : Routledge in association with Centre for Personal Construct Psychology,London, 1991, c1955. Dalton, Peggy. A psychology for living : personal construct theory for professionals and clients / Peggy Dalton and Gavin Dunnett. Chichester : J. Wiley Sons, 1992. University of London. An application of personal construct theory (Kelly) to schizoid thinking. University of London, 1959. Fransella, Fay. George Kelly / Fay Fransella. London : Sage, 1995. Anderson, N. Personality assessment in the graduate milkround interview : A personal construct psychology perspective and study using repertory grid technique. Birmingham : University of Aston Management Centre, 1987. Fransella. F, Bannister. D. 1977. A Manual for Repertory grid technique. Academic Press. London. Bannister, P et al. (1994) Qualitative Methods in Psychology Buckingham: Open University Press. Bannister, D. (1985) (Ed) Issues and approaches in personal construct theory London: Academic Press, 1985 Stevens, R (1996) Understanding the Self London: Open University Sage. Kalekin-Fishman, Devorah. and Walker, Beverley. (1996) The Construction of Group Realities: culture, society and personal construct theory. Malabar: Krieger. Bannister, D. Mair, J. (1968) The Evaluation of Personal Constructs London: Academic Press Smith JA, Harre R, Van Langenhove (1995) Rethinking Methods in Psychology London: Sage. Jack Adams-Webber (Editor) (1983) Applications of Personal Construct Theory Academic Press. The emergence of new intentions in subjective experience: A social/personal constructionist and relational understanding Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 64, Issue 3, June 2004, Pages 485-498 Mary Sue Richardson Personality traits and personal values: a conceptual and empirical integration Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 35, Issue 1, July 2003, Pages 109-125 James M. Olver and Todd A. Mooradian Personal construct theory and social change: A response to Bannister New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1983, Pages 197-200 Marta Zahaykevich Personal construct theory; Concepts and applications : J.R. Adams-Weber. John Wiley, Chichester (1979). Book review Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1980, Pages 193-194 Chris Frith Personal construct theory: A summary and experimental paradigm Acta Psychologica, Volume 20, 1962, Pages 104-120 D. Bannister The caring attitude in nursing practice: a repertory grid study of trained nurses perceptions Nurse Education Today, Volume 11, Issue 1, February 1991, Pages 3-12 Paul Morrison A computerised adaptation of the repertory grid methodology as a useful tool to elicit older consumers perceptions of foods Food Quality and Preference, Volume 14, Issue 8, December 2003, Pages 681-691 C. G. Russell and D. N. Cox

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Ethics In Corporate Responsibility for Hyundai - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics In Corporate Social Responsibilityfor Hyundai Company. Answer: Introduction In a firm, order and unity are paramount if the objectives of their operations are met. To attain this unity in the company, there is need to instate rules and norms as the core in relations internally and externally while operating (De Coning, 2015). This underlay of standards and rule, are ethics. The corpora today have ethics as its heart and is reliant on its for the smooth running of all operations in business (Keane, 2014). This section explores the ethical responsibility aspect of corporate social responsibility concerning the Hyundai Company. Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics and CSR must be connected if they are to meet their intended goal. Social responsibility integrates the concern for the stakeholder as well as the society in the operations of the business world. Ethics being the acceptable way to do things in the corpora, therefore has to be included in running operations. When fused, the two bring about the ethical responsibility concept into being. This is the ethical considerations when dealing with the firms stakeholders and the society as a whole. The legality of ethical responsibility gives rise to corporate behavior in the corpora (Fu, 2014). Ethics and social responsibility coupled with legal requirements of firms fused dictates the corporate conduct. Corporate behavior has its basis in principles as well as CSR within legal boundaries (Schrempf-Stirling, 2016). The business should not only consider the internal and external implications of its operations but also strive to meet their requirements in its operations. Thus we see that the room for profit orientation of the corpora engaging in ethical responsibility is constricted. The Hyundai companies consist of two main lines of production which are the heavy machinery and the motor industries. Initially owned by two brothers, Chung Mong-Koo and Chung Mong Hun. Mr. Hun allegedly committed suicide after his dealings with the North Korea were uncovered. Mr. Hun had purportedly been paying the North Korean president to attain tenders to build major projects for the state. Mr. Koo on the other and dealt in fraudulent accounts from which he sourced funds to bribe government officials so as win tenders. On uncovering these crimes, an investigation was launched against the chairman Mr. Koo and his vice chair Mr. Kim Don Jin (Hwang, 2016). In history, the companies have had dark patches where ethics in operations of the firms were in question. Embezzling and illegal dealings stain the past of the Hyundai brand which brought about the need for ethically responsible management practices (Hwang, 2016). These sections ensure that the company deals ethically with all its stakeholders and society. The setting up of the ethics management board was a promise to the South Korean society as reparations for past transgressions. The engagement in illegal and immoral practices affects the moral responsibility of a company. Money laundry by managers in a firm are unethical and against the professional code of ethics. Establishing professional code of ethics governs managerial and employees actions in accordance to ethics and law. In ethical responsibilities, there exist various issues that need addressing in the concept of what is ethical. These issues include ethical responsibilities to stakeholders, employees, customers, community and the environment. The community owes businesses an ethical responsibility to participate in corporate social responsibility programs. Law does not necessarily dictate these responsibilities, but if the firms are to act par the social responsibility procedures, they voluntarily engage in practices that promote the ethical code (Cremers, 2016). They also allow room for sustainable growth of the corpora, society, and the environment. Being socially responsible brands the company strongly in the community, this good reputation makes the company more competitive in the industry. Efforts by Hyundai Toward Ethical Responsibility Ethical Transparency Today, Hyundais ethics responsibility as won them awards and seen the corporation attain success in their operations (Shin, 2015). The ethical and transparency in the running of its operations have enabled the company to consolidate the trust of stakeholders and gain success in business. This has taken place by setting up transparency, ethical and fair trade management procedures. These systems are responsible for the monitoring firm operations and overlooking ethical issues in various departments in the company. Moral Responsibility Moral responsibility to the employees is crucial to a business if it desires success in its operations (Berrone, 2014). The work environment can be very stressing if not governed in a manner that ensures the comfort and inclusion of the whole employee base. Through communication and cooperation among the employees and its partners, the corporation provides that the company acts in unison towards creating a universal recognized brand. The Company recognizes individual talent. Therefore each employee strives for perfection in the unified goal to grow the firm. Meeting Tax Obligations The nation in which a company operates is an entity to which it owes great alliance. By a company meeting their tax obligations, they guarantee the sustainability of the nations economy and thus its development (Zhan, 2016). By the creation of jobs in the local and international company centers, it also guarantees the growth of the countrys economy. It also reduces the rate of unemployment in the country. The environmental preservation efforts also ensure that the state maintains its sustainability for the future purposes. Enhancing Workplace Diversity The society, on the other hand, consists of various factors, including culture and community norms. Hyundai ensures diversity of its employees and managers in the different stores of the corporation (Cho, 2015). This diversity ensures that the society in which the outlets operate gets to promote and integrate their culture into the Hyundai brand culture. The company also engages in cultural and community enhancing programs which ensure the preservation of cultures. These programs aim at providing the community gains trust on the Hyundai brand, and thus its reliability is guaranteed. Environmental Conservation The environment is the sustaining entity of all life on the planet we are therefore indebted to it. Following this logic, we are ethically compelled to protect it at all times as we go about our activities. The corpora have an additional debt owing to that some of the firms are directly responsible for degrading of the environment. Hyundai has taken upon itself to ensure that the coming generation sustenance by incorporating environmental preservation practices in their operations (Sagar, 2014). In the motor section of the company, the manufacture of efficient fuel engines is the core goal (Jo, 2016). In the heavy machinery sector, waste produced in the manufacturing process is subjected to either rigorous treatment processes or recycled and reused for efficiency. The Company also engages in consultation services for green energy production and sustainability. These efforts aim at attaining a conventional environmental process in its operations. In the modern business world, the companies are spreading their operations across borders so as to reach greater market share. To maintain the social responsibility culture of a company may require more effort to pull off. The new markets bring about new pressures in the normal activities due to new competition, legal factors, and culture in the new markets. These challenges may force a firm to abandon the social responsibility culture so as to meet their competing needs (Lampikoski, 2014). Globalization and the Hyundai Brand Globalization of operations as its implications in the international market. These include increasing competition globally. Due to production locally and internationally Hyundai faces multiple fronts of competition in the global market. The ability of a company to stick to their moral basis undergo through testing in these cases. Hyundai has had to increase their efforts towards sustainable growth by enhancing their product to sharpen their competitive edge in international markets (Sagar, 2014). The production is being streamlined into international standards and also being given a modern and technological efficient feel to satisfy the customer (Jo, 2016). These enhancements are geared towards making the brand competitive in any market worldwide. Production of models that have customer requirements in mind is the central concept in the production chain. This ensures that their clients trust the Hyundai brand to meet their need of efficient machinery and motoring experiences. Globalization has implications on labor and resource mobility in a firm. The various countries also have their laws and legal systems all of which act as constraints to the firms. If a firm is to act par corporate behavior, they must undertake practices that are accommodating to the diverse market practices. Diversification of the employee community of the Hyundai Corporation is one of the many ways in which it ensures that the company keeps up with the diverse cultures (Cho, 2015). The cultural diversity in the personnel helps them to ethically navigate the countries legal landscape as well as cultural aspects of the various local communities. Conclusion A question on the ethical appropriateness of a situation is never straightforward; it takes turns and twists (Keane, 2014). The only ethical way of doing tins in any situation is one that maximizes on the best outcome for all parties involved. In the corpora, ethics like justice are never rigid but relative in their setting. This undefined nature of ethics, however, does provide enough room for the establishment of standards and acceptable norms in the firms practices. Ethical responsibilities of the company thus should incorporate all parties involved in its activities. References Berrone, P., Cruz, C., Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2014). Family-controlled firms and stakeholder management: A socioemotional wealth preservation perspective.The Sage handbook of family business, (179-195) Cho, Y., Lim, D. H., Park, C. (2015). The Evolution of Korean corporate HRD: launching, growing pains, and transforming.Human Resource Development International,18(5), (464-480.) Cremers, M. (2016). What corporate governance can learn from Catholic social teaching? Journal of Business Ethics, (1-14.) De Coning, C., Karlsrud, J., Troost, P. (2015). Towards More People-Centric Peace Operations: From Extension of State Authorityto Strengthening Inclusive State- Society Relations.' Stability: International Journal of Security and Development,4(1). Hwang, S., Kim, W. (2016). When heirs become major shareholders: Evidence on pyramiding financed by related-party sales.Journal of Corporate Finance,41, (23- 42.) Jo, H. J., Jeong, J. H., Kim, C. (2016). Unpacking the black boxof a Korean big fast follower: Hyundai Motor Companys engineer-led production system.Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,24(sup1), (53-77.) Keane, W. (2014). Freedom, reflexivity, and the sheer everydayness of ethics.HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory,4(1), 443-457. Lampikoski, T., Westerlund, M., Rajala, R., Mller, K. (2014). Green innovation games.California Management Review,57(1), (88-116.) Sagar, A., Chaudhary, A. (2014). Energy Innovation (sub) Systems in India.Innovation in India: Combining Economic Growth with Inclusive Development, (p.242.) Schrempf-Stirling, J., Palazzo, G., Phillips, R. A. (2016). Historic corporate social responsibility.Academy of Management Review,41(4), 700-719. Shin, Y., Thai, V. V. (2015). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer satisfaction, relationship maintenance and loyalty in the shipping industry.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(6), 381-392. .Zhan, J., Karl, J. (2016). Investment Incentives for Sustainable Development.Rethinking Investment Incentives: Trends and Policy Options, (204.)